Technology glossary
A short reference for the technologies that appear in our stack — what they are, what they are for, and how they show up in project work.
TypeScript
A typed superset of JavaScript that catches errors early and improves maintainability. We use it as the default language across frontend and Node services so APIs, UI, and shared modules stay consistent.
JavaScript
The core language of the web runtime. Still essential for tooling, browser APIs, and interoperability—TypeScript compiles down to it for production delivery.
React
A component library for building interactive UIs. It is the foundation of our client interfaces, enabling reusable components, predictable state updates, and scalable product surfaces.
Next.js
A React framework for production apps with routing, rendering strategies, and deployment conventions. We use it to ship fast, SEO-friendly, and maintainable web products.
App Router
Next.js routing model based on the app directory, layouts, and server components. It structures modern Next.js projects with nested layouts and finer control over rendering.
Pages Router
The classic Next.js file-based router. We still support and migrate Pages Router codebases when products need gradual modernization.
Redux
A predictable global state container for complex client applications. Useful when many features share critical state and need clear update flows.
Zustand
A lightweight React state library with a minimal API. We reach for it when shared UI state should stay simple without Redux ceremony.
MobX
A reactive state management approach based on observables. It appears in older React codebases we maintain and modernize.
SWR
A React data-fetching library focused on caching and revalidation. It keeps remote data fresh while reducing duplicate network work.
Axios
An HTTP client with interceptors and consistent request/response handling. We use it for typed API access and shared auth or error middleware.
React Query
A powerful async state library (TanStack Query) for server data. It manages caching, retries, and background updates for complex API-driven UIs.
Fetch
The native browser/Node HTTP API. We use it for lean requests and Next.js server-side fetching when a heavier client is unnecessary.
GraphQL
A query language and runtime for APIs that let clients request exactly the fields they need. Useful for flexible product data contracts.
WebSockets
A full-duplex communication channel for real-time updates. We use it for live features such as sync, notifications, and collaborative flows.
REST
A resource-oriented HTTP API style. Most of our integrations and backends expose REST endpoints with clear contracts and status semantics.
NextAuth
Authentication for Next.js apps (Auth.js). It wires providers, sessions, and protected routes into product auth flows.
OAuth 2.0
An authorization standard for delegated access. We implement OAuth 2.0 flows so users can sign in securely via trusted identity providers.
Clerk
A hosted authentication and user-management platform. It accelerates secure sign-in, sessions, and organization features when building product auth quickly.
JWT
JSON Web Tokens for compact, verifiable claims. Used to secure APIs and carry session or authorization data between services.
HeroUI
A React UI component library with accessible primitives. We use it to assemble polished interfaces without reinventing common patterns.
Tailwind CSS
A utility-first CSS framework for rapid, consistent styling. It keeps design tokens and spacing systems aligned across product UI.
MUI
Material UI — a mature React component system. We use it for dense admin interfaces and design-system aligned Material experiences.
Bootstrap
A widely used CSS framework and component set. Still relevant in legacy UIs we maintain or gradually restyle.
Styled Components
CSS-in-JS for component-scoped styles. Found in React codebases where styles travel with components.
Sass
A CSS preprocessor with variables, nesting, and mixins. Useful in design systems and older stylesheets we still evolve.
Less
Another CSS preprocessor used in legacy styling pipelines. We maintain and migrate Less-based UI when projects require it.
Vite
A fast modern build tool and dev server. Preferred for lean React tooling, libraries, and apps outside the Next.js path.
Webpack
A flexible module bundler powering many production frontends. We configure and optimize it in established build pipelines.
Rollup
A bundler focused on efficient library builds. Used when packaging shared modules and design-system packages.
AWS
Amazon Web Services cloud platform. We use it for hosting, storage, networking, and supporting infrastructure around web products.
Vercel
A platform optimized for Next.js deployments. Ideal for preview environments, edge delivery, and fast frontend releases.
Heroku
A platform-as-a-service for deploying web apps. Still used for straightforward app hosting and staging environments.
Node.js
JavaScript runtime for server-side applications. Powers our APIs, tooling, and full-stack Node services.
Express.js
A minimal Node.js web framework. A proven choice for REST APIs and middleware-centric backends.
Fastify
A high-performance Node.js framework with strong schema support. Used when API throughput and validation matter.
NestJS
A structured Node.js framework inspired by Angular patterns. Helps organize larger backends with modules, DI, and clear boundaries.
Docker
Containerization for consistent environments. We package apps and services so local, CI, and production stay aligned.
Kubernetes
Container orchestration at scale. Used to run resilient workloads with rolling updates and service discovery.
K3s
A lightweight Kubernetes distribution. Practical for smaller clusters and edge or lab environments.
Rancher
A Kubernetes management platform. Helps operate clusters, workloads, and multi-cluster setups.
Linux
The operating system foundation for most servers and containers. Day-to-day environment for deployment and operations.
Nginx
A high-performance web server and reverse proxy. Used for TLS termination, routing, and static asset delivery.
Apache
A classic HTTP server still present in many hosting setups. We configure and maintain it when projects depend on it.
MongoDB
A document database for flexible JSON-like data. Useful for product domains that evolve quickly.
MySQL
A reliable relational database. Common in e-commerce and business apps needing structured, transactional data.
SQL
The language of relational data. We design schemas, queries, and migrations that keep product data trustworthy.
ArangoDB
A multi-model database supporting documents and graphs. Chosen when relationships and flexible documents both matter.
Prisma ORM
A type-safe ORM for Node.js and TypeScript. It connects app models to SQL databases with generated clients and migrations.
Playwright
End-to-end testing across modern browsers. We use it to guard critical user journeys in CI.
Puppeteer
Headless Chrome automation. Useful for scraping, PDF generation, and browser-driven workflows.
Cypress
A popular E2E testing framework for web apps. Helps verify UI flows with fast local feedback.
Jest
A JavaScript test runner for unit and integration tests. Our default for component and utility test suites.
React Testing Library
Testing utilities that encourage user-centric React tests. We use it to assert behavior rather than implementation details.
Storybook
A workshop for building UI components in isolation. Supports design-system documentation and visual review.
Git
Distributed version control. The baseline for collaboration, reviews, and release history on every project.
Bitbucket
Git hosting and CI from Atlassian. Used in teams already standardized on Bitbucket workflows.
Yarn
A JavaScript package manager with workspaces support. Helpful in monorepos and deterministic installs.
npm
The default Node package manager and registry client. Universal for installing and publishing JavaScript packages.
Figma
A collaborative design tool. Source of truth for UI specs, prototypes, and handoff into implementation.
Adobe XD
A UI/UX design and prototyping tool. Still referenced when product designs originate from Adobe XD files.
PHP
A server-side language widely used for web backends. Part of our historical stack on long-lived business platforms.
Laravel
A full-featured PHP framework. Accelerates APIs, auth, and MVC apps with a rich ecosystem.
CakePHP
A conventional PHP MVC framework. Appears in older products we have built and maintained.
Zend Framework
Zend Framework (Laminas lineage) for enterprise PHP applications. Used in platform work requiring structured PHP services.
Symfony
A robust PHP component and framework ecosystem. Strong choice for reusable backend building blocks.
AngularJS
The original Angular 1.x framework. We maintain and migrate AngularJS frontends toward modern stacks when needed.